Elon Musk’s rocket company said its artificial intelligence spending had soared, but revenue more than doubled from its Starlink internet satellite service and A.I. products.

Elon Musk said he had initially given SpaceX less than a 10 percent chance of succeeding. His rocket company has come a long way.

Gwynne Shotwell, the president and chief operating officer, is the adult-in-the-room foil to Mr. Musk as SpaceX prepares for a blockbuster initial public offering.